β-2 Agonists as Misusing Drugs? Assessment of both Clenbuterol- and Salbutamol-related European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Database Reports

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
Giulia MilanoFabrizio Schifano

Abstract

A recent years' increase in misusing levels of image- and performance- enhancing drugs (IPEDs) has been observed. Out of these drugs, beta-2 agonists have recently emerged for their potential of misuse, especially for slimming and bodybuilding purposes. To this perspective, clenbuterol ('the size zero pill') has been reported as being both popular and widely available from the illegal market. All clenbuterol and salbutamol misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal/overdose/off-label spontaneous reports (2006-2016) from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) EudraVigilance (EV) database were collected and analysed by age range, gender, concomitant therapies and source of information. From the EV database, 55 of a total number of 920 'suspect' misuse/abuse/dependence/withdrawal/overdose/off-label ADRs (e.g. 5.97%; corresponding to 25 of 138 individuals) and 1310 of 62,879 ADRs (e.g. 2.08%; corresponding to 474 of 6923 individuals) were, respectively, associated with clenbuterol (typically ingested in combination with a range of anabolic steroids) and salbutamol. Proportional reporting ratio (PRR) value for misuse/abuse ADRs was higher (PRR = 18.38) for clenbuterol in comparison with salbutamol. Clenbuterol misuse/abuse could be a cause for...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 13, 2018·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Yun Mi YuEuni Lee
Aug 23, 2019·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Pascal KintzJean-Sébastien Raul
Jan 22, 2020·Drug Testing and Analysis·Morten HostrupAnders Krogh Lemminger
Mar 15, 2020·BMJ Case Reports·Andrew A TesterAllison McKie
Oct 23, 2021·The Journal of Physiology·Morten Hostrup, Johan Onslev

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