β-arrestin 2 negatively regulates NOD2 signalling pathway through association with TRAF6 in microglia after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Lin ChenHuiqing Liu

Abstract

We previously reported that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) 2 was involved in the inflammatory responses to cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. However, the mechanism by which NOD2 participates in brain ischaemic injury and the regulation of NOD2 in the process are still obscure. Increased β-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) expression was observed in microglia following cerebral I/R in wild-type mice besides the up-regulation of NOD2 and TRAF6. Stimulation of NOD2 by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in BV2 cells induced the activation of NF-κB by the phosphorylation of p65 subunit and the degradation of IκBα. Meanwhile, the protein level of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the protein expression and activity of MMP-9 were significantly increased in BV2 cells after administration of MDP. Furthermore, overexpression of ARRB2 significantly suppressed the inflammation induced by MDP, silence of ARRB2 significantly enhanced the inflammation induced by MDP in BV2 cells. In addition, we observed endogenous interaction of TRAF6 and ARRB2 after stimulation of MDP or cerebral I/R insult, indicating ARRB2 negatively regulates NOD2-triggered inflammatory signalling pathway by associating with TRAF6 in microglia after cerebral...Continue Reading

References

Dec 29, 2000·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·M AsahiE H Lo
May 25, 2004·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·C J S PriceE A Warburton
Jun 2, 2005·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Foo Y LiewLuke A J O'Neill
Feb 20, 2007·Annual Review of Physiology·Scott M DeWireSudha K Shenoy
Jun 15, 2007·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Derek W AbbottLewis C Cantley
Apr 17, 2008·Molecular BioSystems·Thomas A Kufer
Oct 14, 2009·Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry·Vadim Zinchuk, Olga Grossenbacher-Zinchuk
May 15, 2010·Immunology·Hongkuan FanJames A Cook
Aug 14, 2010·Mediators of Inflammation·A M Piccinini, K S Midwood
Jan 16, 2013·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine·Alice Lin, Kathryn A DeFea
Jul 23, 2013·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Hui-Qing LiuZhong-Qun Yan
Sep 14, 2013·Innate Immunity·Hongkuan Fan
Feb 11, 2015·Current Medicinal Chemistry·Masahito Kawabori, Midori A Yenari
Mar 30, 2017·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes·Yeri KimJie Zhang
Dec 15, 2017·Neural Regeneration Research·Hsiao-Huei Chen, Alexandre F R Stewart

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 3, 2020·Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry·Wei ChenZhongjun Wu
Jan 11, 2020·Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal·Paula Santos-OtteStuart Maudsley
Sep 29, 2019·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Zhao JinHuisheng Wu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Protein Assay
confocal microscopy
electrophoresis
transfection

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
Image
Pro Plus
Image Quant

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Brain Ischemia

Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. Discover the latest research on brain ischemia here.

Acute Stroke

A stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted depriving the brain of oxygen and nutrients. This feed focuses cerebrovascular accidents including ischemic and paralytic stroke.