β Cell replacement: improving on the design.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
Roberto Castro-GutierrezHolger A Russ

Abstract

Here we summarize recent advancements in β cell replacement as a therapy for type 1 diabetes. β cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a cure for type 1 diabetes with the introduction of the Edmonton protocol for cadaveric islet transplantation. To allow widespread use of this approach, efforts have focused on establishing an abundant source of insulin-producing β cells, protecting transplanted cells from ischemia-mediated death, immune rejection, and re-occurring autoimmunity. Recent developments addressing these issues include generation of insulin-producing cells from human pluripotent stem cells, different encapsulation strategies and prevention of ischemia upon transplant. Despite significant advances in generating functional β cells from human pluripotent stem cells, several key challenges remain in regard to the survival of β cell grafts, protection from (auto-) immune destruction and implementation of additional safety mechanisms before a stem cell-based cell replacement therapy approach can be widely applied. Taking current findings into consideration, we outline a multilayered approach to design immune-privileged β cells from stem cells using state of the art genome editing technologies that if successfully inc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 4, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Leah R PadgettTeresa L Mastracci
Apr 26, 2021·Biomaterials·Jorge Santini-GonzálezEdward A Phelps
Jul 27, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Roberto Castro-GutierrezHolger A Russ

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
chemical modification

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02239354
NCT03162926

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