17β -Estradiol Regulates Microglia Activation and Polarization in the Hippocampus Following Global Cerebral Ischemia

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Roshni ThakkarDarrell W Brann

Abstract

17β-Estradiol (E2) is a well-known neuroprotective hormone, but its role in regulation of neuroinflammation is less understood. Recently, our lab demonstrated that E2 could regulate the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome pathway in the hippocampus following global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Here, we examined the ability of E2 to regulate activation and polarization of microglia phenotype in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Our in vivo study in young adult ovariectomized rats showed that exogenous low-dose E2 profoundly suppressed microglia activation and quantitatively shifted microglia from their "activated," amoeboid morphology to a "resting," ramified morphology after GCI. Further studies using M1 "proinflammatory" and M2 "anti-inflammatory" phenotype markers showed that E2 robustly suppressed the "proinflammatory" M1 phenotype, while enhancing the "anti-inflammatory" M2 microglia phenotype in the hippocampus after GCI. These effects of E2 may be mediated directly upon microglia, as E2 suppressed the M1 while enhancing the M2 microglia phenotype in LPS- (lipopolysaccharide-) activated BV2 microglia cells in vitro. E2 also correspondingly suppressed proinflammatory while enhancing anti-inflamm...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1979·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·W A Pulsinelli, J B Brierley
Mar 1, 1991·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·E D HallK L Linseman
May 1, 1990·Journal of Neuroimmunology·E BlasiF Bistoni
Aug 1, 1996·Trends in Neurosciences·G W Kreutzberg
Jan 28, 1998·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·N J AlkayedP D Hurn
Nov 11, 1998·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·D B DubalP M Wise
Aug 24, 1999·Journal of Neurobiology·G MorF Naftolin
Jul 13, 2000·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·B ScottS M Aquilonius
Oct 3, 2000·Endocrinology·A J Bruce-KellerM P Mattson
Sep 5, 2002·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Daniel García-OvejeroLydia L Doncarlos
Jul 25, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Elisabetta VegetoAdriana Maggi
Jul 29, 2005·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Eun-Mi ParkCostantino Iadecola
Jul 29, 2006·Experimental Gerontology·Krishnan M Dhandapani, Darrell W Brann
May 29, 2008·BMC Molecular Biology·Kristina LangnaeseGerburg Keilhoff
Aug 22, 2008·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Quan-Guang ZhangDarrell W Brann
Nov 6, 2009·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Quan-Guang ZhangDarrell W Brann
Nov 6, 2009·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·James W SimpkinsMeharvan Singh
Aug 3, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Quan-guang ZhangDarrell W Brann
Nov 15, 2011·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Erin ScottDarrell Brann
Dec 17, 2011·Lancet Neurology·Lynda Lisabeth, Cheryl Bushnell
Apr 28, 2012·Neuroendocrinology·James W SimpkinsAnne M Etgen
Jun 7, 2012·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Anna PhanElena Choleris
Jun 20, 2012·Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis·Megan M Varnum, Tsuneya Ikezu
Dec 25, 2012·Brain Research·Erin L Scott, Darrell W Brann
Jun 6, 2013·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Olumayokun A OlajideBernd L Fiebich
Jun 25, 2013·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Pardes HabibJon Dang
Sep 3, 2013·Experimental Neurology·Bharti ManwaniLouise D McCullough
Sep 3, 2013·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·Jamaica R RettbergRoberta Diaz Brinton

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 10, 2020·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Maricedes Acosta-Martinez
May 23, 2020·International Journal of Nanomedicine·Tianshu WuMeng Tang
Mar 25, 2020·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Wenqiang ZhangYue Hou
Jul 11, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Pardes HabibAlexander Slowik
Aug 14, 2020·EMBO Molecular Medicine·Michael EwersNicolai Franzmeier
Feb 19, 2021·Metabolic Brain Disease·Vandana ZamanNarendra L Banik
Mar 27, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology·G Molina-SalinasM Cerbon

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Assay
PCR
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

Zen
SPSS
ImageJ

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autophagy & Aging: Inhibitors

The feed focuses on the role of nuclear export inhibitors and their effect on autophagy and the aging process.

Brain Ischemia

Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. Discover the latest research on brain ischemia here.

Anti-inflammatory Treatments

A drug or substance that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body. Anti-inflammatory agents block certain substances in the body that cause inflammation and swelling. Discover the latest research on anti-inflammatory treatments here