'2TM proteins': an antigenically diverse superfamily with variable functions and export pathways

PeerJ
Jasweer Kaur, Rachna Hora

Abstract

Malaria is a disease that affects millions of people annually. An intracellular habitat and lack of protein synthesizing machinery in erythrocytes pose numerous difficulties for survival of the human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite refurbishes the infected red blood cell (iRBC) by synthesis and export of several proteins in an attempt to suffice its metabolic needs and evade the host immune response. Immune evasion is largely mediated by surface display of highly polymorphic protein families known as variable surface antigens. These include the two trans-membrane (2TM) superfamily constituted by multicopy repetitive interspersed family (RIFINs), subtelomeric variable open reading frame (STEVORs) and Plasmodium falciparum Maurer's cleft two trans-membrane proteins present only in P. falciparum and some simian infecting Plasmodium species. Their hypervariable region flanked by 2TM domains exposed on the iRBC surface is believed to generate antigenic diversity. Though historically named "2TM superfamily," several A-type RIFINs and some STEVORs assume one trans-membrane topology. RIFINs and STEVORs share varied functions in different parasite life cycle stages like rosetting, alteration of iRBC rigidity and immune evas...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Malaria Journal·Sarah El Chamy MalufAdriana Karaoglanovic Carmona
May 1, 2021·Pathogens·Raghavendra YadavalliTobili Y Sam-Yellowe

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transfection
transgenic

Software Mentioned

STEVOR
BLASTP
2TM
PFMC

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