3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) Oligomers: Evaluation of Resin Viscosity, Printing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties

Biomacromolecules
Yuanyuan LuoMatthew L Becker

Abstract

Complex three-dimensional (3D) pore geometries, useful for tissue engineering scaffolds, can be fabricated via photo-crosslinking of resorbable poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) resins using stereolithography (SLA) and/or continuous digital light processing (cDLP) methods. Physico-chemical parameters inherent to 3D printable resin design, include viscosity, polymer concentration, degree of polymerization, and resin printing temperature. We report here on our study of these parameters and their influence the cDLP 3D printing process and the resulting mechanical properties. A series of PPF oligomers were synthesized by the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of maleic anhydride and propylene oxide followed by a base-catalyzed isomerization. The resin viscosities were measured as a function of number-average molecular mass ([Formula: see text]) of the PPF oligomers (1.1, 1.7 and 2.0 kDa), concentrations of PPF in the reactive diluent diethyl fumarate (DEF) (50 and 75 wt %) and resin temperature (25 to 55 °C). The zero-shear viscosity (η0) of the resins was found to be temperature-dependent and follow a linear Arrhenius relationship. Tensile tests demonstrated mechanical properties within the range of trabecular bone, with the ultim...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 21, 2020·Polymers·Camilla NoèMinna Hakkarainen
Nov 13, 2019·Biomacromolecules·Patrick T SmithAlshakim Nelson
Feb 5, 2021·Science Advances·Nevena PaunovićJean-Christophe Leroux
Apr 16, 2021·Chemical Reviews·Alina KirillovaMatthew L Becker
Apr 20, 2021·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Eva Sanchez-RexachAlshakim Nelson
Jun 20, 2021·The AAPS Journal·Ryan IvoneJie Shen
Jul 17, 2021·Optics Express·Xiumei WuLinsen Chen
Jan 6, 2022·Macromolecular Bioscience·María I Alvarez EchazúMartín F Desimone

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