5' tRNA halves are highly expressed in the primate hippocampus and might sequence-specifically regulate gene expression

RNA
Julia JehnDavid Rosenkranz

Abstract

Fragments of mature tRNAs have long been considered as mere degradation products without physiological function. However, recent reports show that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) play prominent roles in diverse cellular processes across a wide spectrum of species. Contrasting the situation in other small RNA pathways the mechanisms behind these effects appear more diverse, more complex, and are generally less well understood. In addition, surprisingly little is known about the expression profiles of tsRNAs across different tissues and species. Here, we provide an initial overview of tsRNA expression in different species and tissues, revealing very high levels of 5' tRNA halves (5' tRHs) particularly in the primate hippocampus. We further modulated the regulation capacity of selected 5' tRHs in human cells by transfecting synthetic tsRNA mimics ("overexpression") or antisense-RNAs ("inhibition") and identified differentially expressed transcripts based on RNA-seq. We then used a novel k-mer mapping approach to dissect the underlying targeting rules, suggesting that 5' tRHs silence genes in a sequence-specific manner, while the most efficient target sites align to the mid-region of the 5' tRH and are located within the CDS or 3'...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 25, 2020·FEBS Letters·Nimrod Madrer, Hermona Soreq
Jul 2, 2020·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy·Yaoyao XieJunming Guo
Sep 23, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Melinda SzilágyiBálint Nagy
Sep 27, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alina IsakovaStephen R Quake
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Marisa PereiraAna R Soares

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