50 years thymine dimer

DNA Repair
Rob BeukersPaul H M Lohman

Abstract

Fifty years ago thymine dimer was discovered in the Biochemical and Biophysical Laboratory of Delft Technological University, The Netherlands, by one of the authors of this review (Beukers) as the first environmentally induced DNA lesion. It is one of the photoproducts formed between adjacent pyrimidine bases in DNA by UV irradiation, currently known as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts. Major lesions found in DNA after in vitro or in vivo UV irradiation are the cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer and the thymine-cytosine (6-4) photoproduct. Even after 50 years the study of photo-induced DNA lesions is still going on as is illustrated by the hundreds of papers published every year and the millions hits when browsing the internet for dimer-related information. Living organisms possess efficient and different mechanisms to repair detrimental lesions in their DNA. A unique mechanism to repair CPDs is reversion by either direct interaction with light of short wavelength or by enzymatic photoreactivation. Photophysical mechanisms that induce and reverse molecular bonds in biological macromolecules have been a main focus of research of the group in Delft in the middle of the last century. This review describe...Continue Reading

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