A Comparative Study of Arm-Restraint Methodology: Differential Effects of Mother and Stranger Restrainers on Infants' Distress Reactivity at 6 and 9 Months of Age

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
Christin L PorterClyde C Robinson

Abstract

This study examined both differential patterns and the stability of infants' (N = 70) distress reactivity across mother and stranger arm-restraint conditions when infants were 6 and 9 months of age. Reactivity measures included observational variables for the rise, intensity, and duration of infant distress as well as motor activities associated with escape behaviors. Correlation analyses revealed that infant behaviors during arm restraint were modestly stable across conditions and over time; however, mean comparisons also showed that infants' distress responses appear to be sensitive to protocol parameters (whether restrainer is mother or stranger). At 6 months of age, infants cried more during maternal restraint than with strangers and exhibited escape behaviors more frequently with mothers. Findings further indicate that infants' distress reactivity undergoes developmental alterations from 6 to 9 months of age, with infants crying more quickly, reaching peak intensity of distress faster, and displaying more distress at 9 months compared to 6 months. These changes in infants' reactivity were particularly accentuated during maternal compared to stranger restraint conditions at 9 months of age.

References

Mar 13, 1999·Annual Review of Psychology·J H Flavell
Mar 24, 2005·Child Development·Michael Lewis, Douglas Ramsay
Aug 1, 2006·Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·David S BennettMichael Lewis
Apr 1, 2002·Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·Cynthia A Stifter, Tracy L Spinrad

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Citations

Mar 1, 2011·Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·Christin L Porter, Blake L Jones
Apr 21, 2012·American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities·Jane E RobertsSvetlana V Shinkareva
Aug 29, 2020·Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·Laura A StockdaleEmily Schvaneveldt

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