A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Analytical Approaches to Measuring Total Nicotine Equivalents in Urine

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
Taraneh TaghaviRachel F Tyndale

Abstract

Background: Total nicotine equivalents (TNE), the sum of nicotine and metabolites in urine, is a valuable tool for evaluating nicotine exposure. Most methods for measuring TNE involve two-step enzymatic hydrolysis for indirect quantification of glucuronide metabolites. Here, we describe a rapid, low-cost direct LC/MS assay.Methods: In 139 smokers' urine samples, Bland-Altman, correlation, and regression analyses were used to investigate differences in quantification of nicotine and metabolites, TNE, and nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) between direct and indirect LC/MS methods. DNA from a subset (n = 97 smokers) was genotyped for UGT2B10*2 and UGT2B17*2, and the known impact of these variants was evaluated using urinary ratios determined by the direct versus indirect method.Results: The direct method showed high accuracy (0%-9% bias) and precision (3%-14% coefficient of variation) with similar distribution of nicotine metabolites to literary estimates and good agreement between the direct and indirect methods for nicotine, cotinine, and 3-hydroxycotinine (ratios 0.99-1.07), but less agreement for their respective glucuronides (ratios 1.16-4.17). The direct method identified urinary 3HC+3HC-GLUC/COT as having the highest concorda...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 31, 2018·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Christopher A ArgerStephen T Higgins
Dec 19, 2018·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Sarah S DermodyRachel F Tyndale
Aug 28, 2020·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Arezoo HabibagahiCariton Kubwabo
Jul 31, 2020·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·Brian L RostronCindy M Chang
Jun 25, 2021·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Ahmed El-Boraie, Rachel F Tyndale

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