A comprehensive review of evidence and current recommendations related to pacifier usage

Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Antonia M Nelson

Abstract

Pacifier usage is controversial, and published recommendations are contradictory. The purposes of this literature review were to provide a comprehensive summary of risks and benefits of pacifier usage based upon the highest levels of evidence available and to provide a reference for nurses to utilize while assisting mothers in making an informed decision. Results indicated that benefits include reported ability to soothe/comfort, decreased risk of sudden infant death syndrome, and a probable synergistic role in adjunctive pain relief. Greatest risks are an increased incidence of acute otitis media, possible negative impact on breast-feeding, and dental malocclusion particularly if usage is greater than 2-3 years. The frequency, intensity, and duration of pacifier use are related to type and extent of all risks.

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Citations

Nov 6, 2012·Journal of Pediatric Nursing·Angela De CuntoAlessandro Ventura
May 5, 2016·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·Y Wagner, R Heinrich-Weltzien
Aug 26, 2017·Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association·Heather L SipsmaLaura R Kair
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Sep 17, 2019·Clinical Pediatrics·Danielle Fernandes LopesAna Carolina Morais Apolonio
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Feb 12, 2021·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Elsa R J GiuglianiAluísio J D Barros
Feb 8, 2021·Journal of Communication Disorders·Laura Barca
May 4, 2021·International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders·Charlie StruttJoe Willoughby
Jun 17, 2015·Pediatrics·Karen Glazer PeresAluisio J D Barros

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