A comprehensive review of water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria

Chemosphere
Joshua O Ighalo, Adewale George Adeniyi

Abstract

Nigeria is the most populated black nation in the world with about 199 million people. About 66.3 million Nigerians do not have access to safe drinking water. In this study, research findings on water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria over the past two decades were systematically reviewed. There are still grave enforcement issues in Nigeria as quality guidelines are still being contravened at no cost to the infringer due to the corrupt socio-political circumstances of the country. The quality of surface water, groundwater, rainwater and commercially available water was discussed in line with their pollution sources. The quality of surface water was generally poor. Groundwater pollution has come due to landfill leachate, oil and gas exploration and production, sewage and hydrogeological interactions of the groundwater with the base rock. The hydrogeological effect has led to the observation of lead and barium in groundwater in many locations across the country. The main issue with rainwater in Nigeria is the low pH but it was observed to be fairly clean. Commercially available water (bottled or sachet) is currently the best source of drinking water for the Nigerian populace. Bottled water quality is higher than for sa...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 10, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Joshua O IghaloMary A Ajala
May 26, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Stephen N ObaChinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
Jul 21, 2021·Molecular Biology Reports·Noor Redha GummaaIsraa Hussein Hamzah
Oct 13, 2021·Environmental Technology·Ehizonomhen S OkonofuaTemitope E Idowu

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