A computational observer model of spatial contrast sensitivity: Effects of photocurrent encoding, fixational eye movements, and inference engine.

Journal of Vision
Nicolas CottarisDavid H. Brainard

Abstract

We have recently shown that the relative spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of a computational observer operating on the cone mosaic photopigment excitations of a stationary retina has the same shape as human subjects. Absolute human sensitivity, however, is 5- to 10-fold lower than the computational observer. Here we model how additional known features of early vision affect the CSF: fixational eye movements and the conversion of cone photopigment excitations to cone photocurrents (phototransduction). For a computational observer that uses a linear classifier applied to the responses of a stimulus-matched linear filter, fixational eye movements substantially change the shape of the CSF by reducing sensitivity above 10 c/deg. For a translation-invariant computational observer that operates on the squared response of a quadrature-pair of linear filters, the CSF shape is little changed by eye movements, but there is a two fold reduction in sensitivity. Phototransduction dynamics introduce an additional two fold sensitivity decrease. Hence, the combined effects of fixational eye movements and phototransduction bring the absolute CSF of the translation-invariant computational observer to within a factor of 1 to 2 of the hu...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1979·Vision Research·E Kowler, R M Steinman
Nov 1, 1976·The Journal of Physiology·S Hochstein, R M Shapley
Jan 1, 1987·Vision Research·M S BanksP J Bennett
Sep 1, 1985·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and Image Science·D G Pelli
Aug 1, 1968·The Journal of Physiology·F W Campbell, J G Robson
Jun 1, 1968·Vision Research·W A Rushton, G H Henry
Mar 1, 1993·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·E N Pugh, T D Lamb
Jun 1, 1953·Journal of the Optical Society of America·L A RIGGST N CORNSWEET
May 19, 2004·Psychological Science·Ralf Engbert, Reinhold Kliegl
Sep 21, 2004·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Heinz Wässle
Mar 18, 2005·Nature·Jiri Najemnik, Wilson S Geisler
Nov 10, 2005·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Peter Lennie, J Anthony Movshon
Jan 21, 2006·Neuron·Susana Martinez-CondeThomas A Dyar
May 16, 2007·Physical Review Letters·Konstantin Mergenthaler, Ralf Engbert
Jun 15, 2007·Nature·Michele RucciFabrizio Santini
Sep 1, 2009·Trends in Neurosciences·Susana Martinez-CondeDavid H Hubel
Dec 17, 2009·The Journal of Physiology·D Endeman, M Kamermans
Feb 22, 2012·Current Biology : CB·Xutao KuangMichele Rucci
Jun 26, 2012·Journal of Vision·Claudia ChericiMichele Rucci
Aug 7, 2013·Psychological Review·Robbe L T GorisFelix A Wichmann
Oct 8, 2013·Nature Neuroscience·Juan M Angueyra, Fred Rieke
Nov 4, 2015·Vision Research·Garrett GreeneThomas Wachtler
Jan 28, 2017·Journal of Vision·Kavitha RatnamAustin Roorda
Apr 25, 2017·Current Biology : CB·Marco BoiMichele Rucci
Feb 3, 2018·Journal of Vision·Wilson S Geisler
May 28, 2019·PLoS Computational Biology·Eline R KupersJonathan Winawer
Jul 6, 2019·Der Radiologe·Wolfgang Reith
Oct 29, 2019·Journal of Vision·Trisha LianBrian A Wandell
Jan 24, 2020·PLoS Biology·Gregory D Horwitz

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 22, 2021·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Niklas DomdeiWolf M Harmening
Aug 3, 2021·Frontiers in Neurology·Manuel Spitschan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

ISETBio
SVM
- Energy

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.