Abstract
Although there is a strong and consistent association between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the directionality of this association has been debated, with some research indicating that social support protects against PTSD symptoms, whereas other research suggests that PTSD symptoms erode social support. The majority of studies in the literature have been cross-sectional, rendering directionality impossible to determine. Cross-lagged panel models overcome many previous limitations; however, findings from the few studies employing these designs have been mixed, possibly due to methodological differences including self-report versus clinician-administered assessment. The current study used a cross-lagged panel structural equation model to explore the relationship between social support and chronic PTSD symptoms over a 1-year period in a sample of 264 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans assessed several years after trauma exposure. Approximately a third of the sample met criteria for PTSD at the baseline assessment, with veterans' trauma occurring an average of 6 years prior to baseline. Two separate models were run, with one using PTSD symptoms assessed via self-report and the other using clinician-assessed PTS...Continue Reading
References
Mar 1, 1990·Psychological Bulletin·P M Bentler
Jan 1, 1988·Social Science & Medicine·R H MoosA G Billings
Jul 1, 1988·Medical Care·A L StewartJ E Ware
Jun 1, 1986·The Gerontologist·S H ZaritJ M Zarit
Dec 1, 1995·Archives of General Psychiatry·R C KesslerC B Nelson
Mar 1, 1993·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·K Kaniasty, F H Norris
Aug 1, 1996·Behaviour Research and Therapy·E B BlanchardC A Forneris
Aug 31, 2000·American Journal of Community Psychology·K Kaniasty, F H Norris
Feb 24, 2001·Journal of Abnormal Psychology·M A WhismanP Goering
Jun 5, 2001·Depression and Anxiety·F W WeathersJ R Davidson
Jan 31, 2003·Psychological Bulletin·Emily J OzerDaniel S Weiss
Jul 2, 2004·The New England Journal of Medicine·Charles W HogeRobert L Koffman
Jun 27, 2006·Administration and Policy in Mental Health·Karen M ClementsSharon-Lise T Normand
Jun 17, 2008·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Krzysztof Kaniasty, Fran H Norris
Jun 19, 2008·Psychological Assessment·Candice M MonsonJeremiah A Schumm
Sep 29, 2009·Clinical Psychology Review·Candice M MonsonSteffany J Fredman
Jul 14, 2010·Clinical Psychology Review·Pim CuijpersGerhard Andersson
Feb 26, 2011·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Candice M MonsonAlexandra Macdonald
Apr 23, 2013·Journal of Anxiety Disorders·Matthew J WoodwardJ Gayle Beck
Aug 5, 2015·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Maria M SteenkampCharles R Marmar
Feb 3, 2016·Journal of Anxiety Disorders·Sarah P CarterMarcel O Bonn-Miller
Apr 15, 2016·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Sandra L ShallcrossChristopher R Erbes
May 11, 2016·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Jonathan M PlattKarestan C Koenen
Mar 9, 2017·Behavior Therapy·Steffany J FredmanLuana Marques
Citations
Sep 7, 2019·European Journal of Psychotraumatology·Lauren M SippelIlan Harpaz-Rotem
Aug 28, 2020·Perspectives in Psychiatric Care·Fabio FerrettiAnna Coluccia
Nov 4, 2020·Journal of Interpersonal Violence·Venke A JohansenLars Weisæth
Apr 3, 2021·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Guangzhe YuanBrian J Hall
Oct 9, 2021·Psychological Medicine·Candice M MonsonNaomi Koerner