PMID: 8450570Jan 1, 1993Paper

A developmental model of addictions, and its relationship to the twelve step program of alcoholics anonymous

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
B Johnson

Abstract

A shift in the psychoanalytic literature is seen to have taken place in the 1960s, when psychoanalysts abandoned the psychoanalysis of patients suffering from addictions. This was due to poor outcomes, and assertions such as Kohut's, that addiction was not analyzable. The author asserts that there is a similarity in the psychological part of all addictions, and that this is seen in his work with addicted patients, including psychoanalysis of addicted patients. Addiction is presented as a pathological solution to a fixation during separation-individuation. This conceptualization helps to explain why such varying previous psychoanalytic formulations have been offered. The addictive solution to a fixation during separation-individuation is compared and contrasted to a similar fixation seen in patients suffering from borderline personality disorder and patients suffering from pathological narcissism. The developmental model presented clarifies how denial of addiction can be an interpersonal expression of an intrapsychic defense.

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Citations

Jan 1, 1996·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·K MartinJ Johnson
Jul 1, 1997·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·P A Jerry
Jan 19, 2013·Substance Abuse : Official Publication of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse·J Scott ToniganKylee Hagler
May 31, 2001·Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association·B Johnson
Aug 30, 2005·Harvard Review of Psychiatry·David S JonesAndrew P Morrison
Dec 10, 1999·Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association·B Johnson
Jun 6, 2008·The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research·Clayton ShorkeyRichard Spence
Dec 8, 2009·Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry·Eugene Raikhel
Jun 29, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Thomas RingwoodBrian Johnson

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