A direct relationship between the partitioning of the pathogenic prion protein and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity during the purification of plasma proteins

Transfusion
D C LeeS R Petteway

Abstract

Experimental evidence from rodent models indicates that blood can contain transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) infectivity, which suggests a potential risk for TSE transmission via proteins isolated from human plasma. Because methods that can reduce TSE infectivity typically are detrimental to protein function, infectivity must be removed to ensure the safety of these therapeutic proteins. Animal bioassays are conventionally used to detect infectivity, but the pathogenic form of the prion protein (PrP(Sc)) can serve as a marker for TSE infectivity. Seven plasma protein-purification steps were performed after the plasma intermediates were spiked with TSE-infected material. Resulting fractions were analyzed for PrP(Sc) by using a Western blot assay and for TSE infectivity by using an animal bioassay. Western blots were quantitated by an endpoint dilution analysis, and infectivity titers were calculated by the Spearman-Kärber method. PrP(Sc) partitioning paralleled TSE infectivity partitioning, regardless of the nature of the protein-purification step. The detection ranges for PrP(Sc) and infectivity were 0 to 5.3 log and 1.1 to 8.9 log median infectious dose per unit, respectively. Clearance of PrP(Sc) and infectivity ra...Continue Reading

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