A double-ratio method (DRM) to measure fast, slow and reverse sap flows.

Tree Physiology
Zijuan DengThomas N Buckley

Abstract

Sap velocity measurements are useful in fields ranging from plant water relations to hydrology at a variety of scales. Techniques based on pulses of heat are among the most common methods to measure sap velocity, but most lack ability to measure velocities across a wide range, including very high, very low and negative velocities (reverse flow). We propose a new method, the double-ratio method (DRM), which is robust across an unprecedented range of sap velocities and provides real-time estimates of the thermal diffusivity of wood. The DRM employs one upstream (proximal) temperature sensor and two downstream (distal) sensors to the source of heat. This facilitates several theoretical, heat-based approaches to quantifying sap velocity. We tested the DRM using whole-tree lysimetry in Eucalyptus cypellocarpa and found strong agreement across a wide range of velocities.

References

Mar 26, 2003·Tree Physiology·Michael J. ClearwaterN. Michelle Holbrook
Nov 1, 1958·Plant Physiology·D C Marshall
May 1, 2015·Tree Physiology·Kathy SteppeMaurizio Mencuccini
Jul 20, 2017·The New Phytologist·Álvaro López-BernalFrancisco J Villalobos

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