A field-based indicator for determining the likelihood of Ixodes scapularis establishment at sites in Ontario, Canada

PloS One
Katie M ClowClaire M Jardine

Abstract

The emergence of the vector Ixodes scapularis in Ontario, Canada poses a significant public health risk. Both passive and active surveillance approaches have been employed by public health professionals (i.e., government employees) to monitor for the range expansion of this tick. Field surveillance using drag sampling for questing ticks is a recognized and effective method to identify reproducing tick populations. The degree of effort (i.e., number of visits per site) can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of surveillance, but increased effort conflicts with the cost to public health for field surveillance. Here we developed an indicator to determine the likelihood of I. scapularis establishment based on field sampling results. Field data from two established populations of I. scapularis in Ontario were incorporated with previous analyses of surveillance data to create the indicator, which is in the form of a scoring system. The life stage(s) collected, overall abundance and past surveillance findings from a site are all considered and a level is assigned for the likelihood of I. scapularis establishment based on current field sampling results. The likelihood levels are non-zero (i.e., no I. scapularis detected, but risk s...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jul 19, 2019·Journal of Medical Entomology·James C BurtisRichard S Ostfeld
Nov 13, 2020·Parasites & Vectors·Emily S CheneryPéter K Molnár
May 28, 2021·Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·Megan NeelyJ Scott Weese

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

STATA

Related Concepts