A fully automated algorithm for the determination of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
P LeonardJames N Watson

Abstract

To determine if an automatic algorithm using wavelet analysis techniques can be used to reliably determine respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram (PPG). Photoplethysmograms were obtained from 12 spontaneously breathing healthy adult volunteers. Three related wavelet transforms were automatically polled to obtain a measure of respiratory rate. This was compared with a secondary timing signal obtained by asking the volunteers to actuate a small push button switch, held in their right hand, in synchronisation with their respiration. In addition, individual breaths were resolved using the wavelet-method to identify the source of any discrepancies. Volunteer respiratory rates varied from 6.56 to 18.89 breaths per minute. Through training of the algorithm it was possible to determine a respiratory rate for all 12 traces acquired during the study. The maximum error between the PPG derived rates and the manually determined rate was found to be 7.9%. Our technique allows the accurate measurement of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram, and leads the way for developing a simple non-invasive combined respiration and saturation monitor.

References

Apr 9, 2002·IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine : the Quarterly Magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society·Paul S AddisonColin E Robertson
Nov 19, 2003·Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ·P LeonardJ N Watson
Jun 17, 2005·Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing·Paul LeonardJames N Watson

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Citations

Jan 11, 2012·Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing·Paul S AddisonRoger S Mecca
Mar 13, 2014·IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics·Rasoul YousefiIssa Panahi
Jul 16, 2013·IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems·Kejia Li, Steve Warren
May 7, 2014·Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing·Paul S AddisonSergio D Bergese
Sep 10, 2016·Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology·P Madhan MohanJ C Vignesh
Jan 14, 2017·Sensors·Sumit MajumderM Jamal Deen
Nov 29, 2016·IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics·Sayeed Shafayet ChowdhuryMohammad Ariful Haque
Jul 11, 2018·IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering·Peter H CharltonDavid A Clifton
Feb 12, 2010·Physiological Measurement·Jin LiPing Guo
Mar 2, 2013·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Lena M Nilsson

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