A G-protein pathway determines grain size in rice

Nature Communications
Shengyuan SunQifa Zhang

Abstract

Manipulating grain size is an effective strategy for increasing cereal yields. Here we identify a pathway composed of five subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins that regulate grain length in rice. The Gβ protein is essential for plant survival and growth. Gα provides a foundation for grain size expansion. Three Gγ proteins, DEP1, GGC2 and GS3, antagonistically regulate grain size. DEP1 and GGC2, individually or in combination, increase grain length when in complex with Gβ. GS3, having no effect on grain size by itself, reduces grain length by competitively interacting with Gβ. By combining different G-protein variants, we can decrease grain length by up to 35% or increase it by up to 19%, which leads to over 40% decreasing to 28% increasing of grain weight. The wide existence of such a conserved system among angiosperms suggests a possible general predictable approach to manipulating grain/organ sizes.

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Citations

Jan 1, 2019·Journal of Integrative Plant Biology·Ran XuYunhai Li
Jun 18, 2019·Journal of Integrative Plant Biology·Shi-Rong Zhou, Hong-Wei Xue
May 1, 2019·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Sona Pandey
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Jan 16, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kevin Rodriguez, G Venugopala Reddy
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Aug 20, 2021·Molecular Plant·Penggen Duan, Yunhai Li
Sep 26, 2021·Molecular Plant·Dapu LiuHongning Tong

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
ubiquitination
two-hybrid
three-hybrid
PCR
Assay

Software Mentioned

SPSS
image J
BLASTP
MEGA

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