A Gradient in Metaphase Tension Leads to a Scaled Cellular Response in Mitosis

Developmental Cell
Soumya MukherjeeMelissa K Gardner

Abstract

During mitosis, motor proteins associate with microtubules to exert pushing forces that establish a mitotic spindle. These pushing forces generate opposing tension in the chromatin that connects oppositely attached sister chromatids, which may then act as a mechanical signal to ensure the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis. However, the role of tension in mitotic cellular signaling remains controversial. In this study, we generated a gradient in tension over multiple isogenic budding yeast cell lines by genetically altering the magnitude of motor-based spindle forces. We found that a decreasing gradient in tension led to an increasing gradient in the rates of kinetochore detachment and anaphase chromosome mis-segregration, and in metaphase time. Simulations and experiments indicated that these tension responses originate from a tension-dependent kinetochore phosphorylation gradient. We conclude that the cell is exquisitely tuned to the magnitude of tension as a signal to detect potential chromosome segregation errors during mitosis.

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Citations

Oct 2, 2019·Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Josh Lawrimore, Kerry Bloom
Jul 24, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Xing LiuXuebiao Yao
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ayumu Yamamoto
Apr 28, 2021·The Journal of Cell Biology·Geng-Yuan ChenMichael A Lampson
Jun 5, 2021·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Marin Barisic, Girish Rajendraprasad
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Shelby L McVeyNatalie J Nannas

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