A guide to null models for animal social network analysis.

Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Damien R Farine

Abstract

Null models are an important component of the social network analysis toolbox. However, their use in hypothesis testing is still not widespread. Furthermore, several different approaches for constructing null models exist, each with their relative strengths and weaknesses, and often testing different hypotheses.In this study, I highlight why null models are important for robust hypothesis testing in studies of animal social networks. Using simulated data containing a known observation bias, I test how different statistical tests and null models perform if such a bias was unknown.I show that permutations of the raw observational (or 'pre-network') data consistently account for underlying structure in the generated social network, and thus can reduce both type I and type II error rates. However, permutations of pre-network data remain relatively uncommon in animal social network analysis because they are challenging to implement for certain data types, particularly those from focal follows and GPS tracking.I explain simple routines that can easily be implemented across different types of data, and supply R code that applies each type of null model to the same simulated dataset. The R code can easily be modified to test hypotheses...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 16, 2018·Ecology Letters·Eric R DoughertyWayne M Getz
Oct 11, 2017·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Damien R Farine
May 6, 2019·Molecular Ecology Resources·Vivienne ForoughiradCéline H Frère
Feb 20, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Kristina B BeckBart Kempenaers
Jun 10, 2020·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Monica L BondDamien R Farine
Aug 15, 2020·American Journal of Primatology·Emily R BoevingEliza L Nelson
Aug 4, 2020·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Matthew J HasenjagerWilliam Hoppitt
Jul 4, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Jennifer E SmithAndy Sih
Nov 28, 2018·Primates; Journal of Primatology·Tatsuro Kawazoe, Sebastian Sosa
Aug 15, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Damien R Farine, Lucy M Aplin
Aug 14, 2019·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Hanja B BrandlWiebke Schuett
Mar 14, 2020·Scientific Reports·Federica AmiciAnja Widdig
Aug 19, 2020·Scientific Reports·Grant C McDonaldAndrás Kosztolányi
Sep 21, 2018·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Kezia ManlovePaul C Cross
Apr 30, 2019·Ecology and Evolution·Teri B JonesJulie Morand-Ferron
Apr 10, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Hanja B BrandlSimon C Griffith
Apr 4, 2019·Primates; Journal of Primatology·Mathilde GramppJennifer Botting
Jun 27, 2019·American Journal of Primatology·Lauren J WooddellAmanda M Dettmer
May 12, 2019·Scientific Reports·Lesley A SmithMichael R Hutchings
Jan 26, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Roslyn Dakin, T Brandt Ryder
Mar 28, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Ariana Strandburg-PeshkinDamien R Farine
Feb 13, 2018·Ecology and Evolution·Nicole A Thompson, Marina Cords
Oct 7, 2018·Die Naturwissenschaften·Jennifer L Kelley, Jonathan P Evans
Jan 3, 2019·Primates; Journal of Primatology·Meredith C LutzPeter G Judge
Aug 15, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Neeltje J BoogertDamien R Farine
Jan 12, 2019·Primates; Journal of Primatology·Barbara TiddiIlaria Agostini
Apr 10, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Roslyn Dakin, T Brandt Ryder
May 21, 2020·Royal Society Open Science·Victoria FloresRachel A Page
Sep 25, 2020·Scientific Reports·Simon P TurnerSimone Foister
Nov 16, 2018·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·A A Maldonado-ChaparroD R Farine
Mar 13, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Eli D Strauss, Kay E Holekamp
Mar 23, 2019·Primates; Journal of Primatology·Ivan Puga-GonzalezCédric Sueur
Aug 6, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Morgan J WelchChristina R Stanley
Sep 22, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·André C FerreiraDamien R Farine
Jun 20, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Trevor S FarthingCristina Lanzas
Jul 18, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mariana Rodriguez-SantiagoAlex Jordan
Sep 25, 2020·Royal Society Open Science·C S MenzA W Goldizen

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Software Mentioned

statnet
R scripts
MRQAP
r package
QAP
R
asnipe

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