A high-protein breakfast induces greater insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide responses to a subsequent lunch meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes

The Journal of Nutrition
Young-Min ParkJill A Kanaley

Abstract

The previous meal modulates the postprandial glycemic responses to a subsequent meal; this is termed the second-meal phenomenon. This study examined the effects of high-protein vs. high-carbohydrate breakfast meals on the metabolic and incretin responses after the breakfast and lunch meals. Twelve type 2 diabetic men and women [age: 21-55 y; body mass index (BMI): 30-40 kg/m(2)] completed two 7-d breakfast conditions consisting of 500-kcal breakfast meals as protein (35% protein/45% carbohydrate) or carbohydrate (15% protein/65% carbohydrate). On day 7, subjects completed an 8-h testing day. After an overnight fast, the subjects consumed their respective breakfast followed by a standard 500-kcal high-carbohydrate lunch meal 4 h later. Blood samples were taken throughout the day for assessment of 4-h postbreakfast and 4-h postlunch total area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Postbreakfast glucose and GIP AUCs were lower after the protein (17%) vs. after the carbohydrate (23%) condition (P < 0.05), whereas postbreakfast insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and GLP-1 AUCs were not different between conditions. A protein-ri...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 25, 2015·Peptides·Alice B Nongonierma, Richard J FitzGerald
Aug 27, 2016·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Chen GilorMelanie J Hall
Feb 9, 2018·Nutrients·Shila ShafaeizadehEline M van der Beek
Jul 28, 2020·The British Journal of Nutrition·Eleanor S SmithJames A Betts
Jul 24, 2020·European Journal of Nutrition·Awatif AlmehmadiMiriam E Clegg
Jul 26, 2021·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Morten Steen Hansen, Morten Frost
Aug 30, 2021·Hormones : International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Zoe Pafili, Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos

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