A hypothesis on the origin and evolution of the response to inhaled anesthetics.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
James M Sonner

Abstract

In this article, I present an evolutionary explanation for why organisms respond to inhaled anesthetics. It is conjectured that organisms today respond to inhaled anesthetics owing to the sensitivity of ion channels to inhaled anesthetics, which in turn has arisen by common descent from ancestral, anesthetic-sensitive ion channels in one-celled organisms (i.e., that the response to anesthetics did not arise as an adaptation of the nervous system, but rather of ion channels that preceded the origin of multicellularity). This sensitivity may have been refined by continuing selection at synapses in multicellular organisms. In particular, it is hypothesized that 1) the beneficial trait that was selected for in one-celled organisms was the coordinated response of ion channels to compounds that were present in the environment, which influenced the conformational equilibrium of ion channels; 2) this coordinated response prevented the deleterious consequences of entry of positive charges into the cell, thereby increasing the fitness of the organism; and 3) these compounds (which may have included organic anions, cations, and zwitterions as well as uncharged compounds) mimicked inhaled anesthetics in that they were interfacially active,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 10, 2009·Pharmacological Reviews·Alex M Dopico, David M Lovinger
Sep 12, 2012·Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling·Ray Greek, Mark J Rice
Nov 26, 2009·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Yun WengJames M Sonner
Mar 5, 2013·Annual Review of Biophysics·James M Sonner, Robert S Cantor
Sep 2, 2014·Trends in Neurosciences·Norman D CookAntonio Damasio
Jan 24, 2013·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Tienyi T HsuGerald G Fuller
Dec 17, 2010·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Chunhua WangPeter Westh
Aug 21, 2008·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Marcel E Durieux
Aug 21, 2008·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Edmond I EgerJames M Sonner
Aug 21, 2008·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Margaret M Sedensky, Philip G Morgan
Aug 21, 2008·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Roderic G Eckenhoff
Aug 21, 2008·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Carl Lynch
May 30, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mahmud Arif PavelScott B Hansen
Jan 4, 2017·Communicative & Integrative Biology·František BaluškaKeith Baverstock
Jan 31, 2014·Plant Signaling & Behavior·Alexandre GrémiauxFrantišek Baluška
Nov 30, 2019·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Anita LuethyJoseph F Cotten
Nov 20, 2019·Current Biology : CB·Max B Kelz, George A Mashour

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