A Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inducing Antibodies Strongly Enhancing In Vitro Infection Is Protective in Pigs

Viruses
Obdulio Garcìa-NicolàsArtur Summerfield

Abstract

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is responsible for zoonotic severe viral encephalitis transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Although birds are reservoirs, pigs play a role as amplifying hosts, and are affected in particular through reproductive failure. Here, we show that a lentiviral JEV vector, expressing JEV prM and E proteins (TRIP/JEV.prME), but not JEV infection induces strong antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activities for infection of macrophages. Such antibodies strongly promoted infection via Fc receptors. ADE was found at both neutralizing and non-neutralizing serum dilutions. Nevertheless, in vivo JEV challenge of pigs demonstrated comparable protection induced by the TRIP/JEV.prME vaccine or heterologous JEV infection. Thus, either ADE antibodies cause no harm in the presence of neutralizing antibodies or may even have protective effects in vivo in pigs. Additionally, we found that both pre-infected and vaccinated pigs were not fully protected as low levels of viral RNA were found in lymphoid and nervous system tissue in some animals. Strikingly, the virus from the pre-infection persisted in the tonsils throughout the experiment. Finally, despite the vaccination challenge, viral RNA was detected in the oronasa...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 10, 2018·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Amy C LyonsDana L Vanlandingham
Oct 5, 2018·Journal of Virology·Obdulio García-NicolásArtur Summerfield
May 7, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Nathalie J VielleMarco P Alves
Feb 13, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Obdulio García-NicolásArtur Summerfield
Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Obdulio García-NicolásArtur Summerfield

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AF372453.1

Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

Flowjo
GraphPad
GraphPad Prism

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