A linear nonribosomal octapeptide from Fusarium graminearum facilitates cell-to-cell invasion of wheat

Nature Communications
Lei-Jie JiaWei-Hua Tang

Abstract

Fusarium graminearum is a destructive wheat pathogen. No fully resistant cultivars are available. Knowledge concerning the molecular weapons of F. graminearum to achieve infection remains limited. Here, we report that deletion of the putative secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene cluster fg3_54 compromises the pathogen's ability to infect wheat through cell-to-cell penetration. Ectopic expression of fgm4, a pathway-specific bANK-like regulatory gene, activates the transcription of the fg3_54 cluster in vitro. We identify a linear, C- terminally reduced and D-amino acid residue-rich octapeptide, fusaoctaxin A, as the product of the two nonribosomal peptide synthetases encoded by fg3_54. Chemically-synthesized fusaoctaxin A restores cell-to-cell invasiveness in fg3_54-deleted F. graminearum, and enables colonization of wheat coleoptiles by two Fusarium strains that lack the fg3_54 homolog and are nonpathogenic to wheat. In conclusion, our results identify fusaoctaxin A as a virulence factor required for cell-to-cell invasion of wheat by F. graminearum.

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Citations

May 30, 2019·Current Genetics·Mikkel Rank NielsenJens Laurids Sørensen
Dec 4, 2019·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Elizabeth K BrauerThérèse Ouellet
Jan 5, 2020·TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·Zhengqiang MaYang Yuan
May 29, 2020·Phytopathology·Elizabeth K BrauerLinda J Harris
Jun 24, 2020·Molecular Plant Pathology·Michael MentgesAna Lilia Martinez-Rocha
Nov 8, 2020·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Jacob M WurlitzerMarkus Gressler
Apr 29, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Candice L SwiftMichelle A O'Malley
Aug 19, 2021·Journal of Experimental Botany·Nimrat ManesRajagopal Subramaniam

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPases
PCR
gene knockout
transgenic
two hybrid
confocal microscopy
RNA-seq
NMR
Two-Hybrid
Assay

Software Mentioned

TopHat
clusterProfiler package of
Mauve
Excel
Analyst
HISAT2
pheatmap
edgeR
Stringtie
Integrative Genomics Viewer

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