A longitudinal examination of verbal reassurance during infant immunization: occurrence and examination of emotional availability as a potential moderator*

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
Nicole RacineSaul Greenberg

Abstract

This study investigated the associations between caregiver verbal reassurance and infant pain-related distress during immunization over the first year of life. The relationships between verbal reassurance and caregiver emotional availability (EA) were also examined. Finally, EA was investigated as a moderator of the relationship between verbal reassurance and infant pain. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 606 infants (and their parents) at 4 different ages (n = 376 at 2 months, n = 455 at 4 months, n = 484 at 6 months, and n = 407 at 12 months). Verbal reassurance was positively associated with infant distress across all four ages. EA was only negatively related to verbal reassurance at 12 months of age. EA was not a significant moderator at any age. Findings demonstrate consistent but small relationships between verbal reassurance and infant pain over the first year of life.

References

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Mar 7, 2000·The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry·Z Biringen
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May 2, 2006·The Journal of Pediatrics·C Meghan McMurtryChristine T Chambers
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Oct 16, 2008·Journal of Pediatric Psychology·Laila DinStuart Gordner
Mar 6, 2009·Pain Research & Management : the Journal of the Canadian Pain Society = Journal De La Société Canadienne Pour Le Traitement De La Douleur·R Pillai Riddell, Nicole Racine

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Citations

Sep 4, 2013·Journal of Pediatric Psychology·Laila Din OsmunDavid B Flora
Dec 19, 2015·Pain Management·Rebecca Pillai RiddellNicole Racine
Jul 19, 2015·Journal of Pediatric Psychology·Nicole H AtkinsonRebecca Pillai Riddell
Dec 30, 2014·Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP·Rachel E HortonDavid Pederson

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