A Meta-Analysis of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Offspring

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Shiming TangGaohua Wang

Abstract

The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in offspring has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is not conclusive. We, therefore, conducted this meta-analysis to explore whether an association exists between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ASD risk in offspring. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies of maternal smoking during pregnancy and ASD risk in offspring up to 10 June 2015. The random-effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. 15 observational studies (6 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies), with 17,890 ASD cases and 1,810,258 participants were included for analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.13) comparing mothers who smoked during pregnancy with those who did not. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis suggested the overall result of this analysis was robust. Results from this meta-analysis indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy is not associated with ASD risk in offspring. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

References

Oct 6, 1997·BMJ : British Medical Journal·M EggerC Minder
Jul 3, 2002·Epidemiology·Christina M HultmanSven Cnattingius
Jul 12, 2002·Statistics in Medicine·Julian P T Higgins, Simon G Thompson
Sep 6, 2003·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Julian P T HigginsDouglas G Altman
May 5, 2005·American Journal of Epidemiology·Heidi Jeanet LarssonPreben Bo Mortensen
Sep 14, 2006·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·R D Maimburg, M Vaeth
Mar 10, 2009·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Jennifer B DwyerFrances M Leslie
Oct 13, 2009·Lancet·Susan E LevyRobert T Schultz
Dec 23, 2009·Preventive Medicine·Arpana AgrawalHong Xian
Oct 6, 2010·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Linda DoddsSusan Bryson
Oct 7, 2010·Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice·Nils G S Haglund, Karin B M Källén
Dec 17, 2011·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Brian K LeeCecilia Magnusson
Apr 25, 2012·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Dheeraj RaiCecilia Magnusson
Oct 19, 2012·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Janne C VisserJan K Buitelaar
Feb 6, 2013·Environmental Health Perspectives·William H James
Apr 12, 2013·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Phuong Lien TranAndre Sourander
Apr 25, 2013·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Jakob ChristensenMogens Vestergaard
Aug 8, 2013·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Roy M NilsenCamilla Stoltenberg
Sep 13, 2013·European Journal of Public Health·Mikael EkbladLiisa Lehtonen
Oct 1, 2013·Lancet·Meng-Chuan LaiSimon Baron-Cohen
Feb 13, 2014·American Journal of Epidemiology·Beth L PinelesJonathan M Samet
Aug 3, 2014·Psychiatry Research·Guiqin DuanWenjing Zhang
Aug 12, 2014·Psychological Medicine·A J BaxterJ G Scott
Sep 23, 2014·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·Carla M T Tiesler, Joachim Heinrich
Nov 30, 2014·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Brittany N RosenIgor Burstyn
Apr 15, 2015·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Anny H XiangDarios Getahun

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 9, 2016·Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN·Nicole S Carlson
Dec 21, 2018·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Sven BöltePeter B Marschik
Aug 30, 2019·Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research·Amy E KalkbrennerDiana Schendel
Dec 1, 2018·Translational Psychiatry·Doretta CaramaschiDheeraj Rai
Mar 25, 2018·Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research·Irva Hertz-PicciottoPaula Krakowiak
Aug 25, 2020·American Journal of Epidemiology·Ondine S von EhrensteinBeate Ritz
Sep 11, 2021·Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research·Keely Cheslack-PostavaAlan S Brown

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

Stata

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autism

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, and often accompanied by sensory sensitivities and medical issues. Here is the latest research on autism.