A model comparison approach reveals individual variation in the scope and control of attention.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Daniel SchorBradley S Gibson

Abstract

The maintenance capacity of working memory is known to be severely limited in scope. However, the reason this capacity varies across individuals remains unknown because it has proven difficult to estimate the maximum capacity of an individual's "scope of attention" (SoA) separate from their ability to achieve this maximum capacity due to temporary lapses in "attention control" (AC). The present study accomplished this separation by using a maximum likelihood framework to extract latent constructs representing SoA and AC from a whole-report version of the visual-array task. The results of two experiments (N = 145 and N = 189) showed that model fit was significantly greater when the model allowed both AC and SoA to vary across individuals relative to a model in which only AC was allowed to vary (and SoA was fixed). More importantly, the individual estimates of SoA and AC derived from this variable model suggested that (1) the observed range of SoA was found to be small across individuals, with 91% able to maintain a maximum of 3 or 4 items; (2) the consistency with which AC could be deployed was only weakly correlated with the magnitude of SoA; and (3) AC and SoA were both found to be significant predictors of fluid intelligence....Continue Reading

References

Jun 28, 2012·Memory·Zach ShipsteadRandall W Engle
Apr 26, 2015·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Zach ShipsteadRandall W Engle
Jan 1, 2005·Multivariate Behavioral Research·Ke-Hai Yuan
Dec 3, 2016·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Zach ShipsteadRandall W Engle
Jan 22, 2017·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Nash Unsworth, Matthew K Robison
May 5, 2017·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Kirsten C S Adam, Edward K Vogel
Mar 30, 2018·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Randall W Engle
Aug 28, 2018·Psychological Bulletin·Klaus OberauerGeoff Ward
Nov 10, 2018·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Matthew K Robison, Nash Unsworth
May 22, 2019·Nature Human Behaviour·Megan T deBettencourtEdward K Vogel

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