A model for the evolution of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification systems based upon the structural malleability of Type I restriction-modification enzymes

Nucleic Acids Research
Edward K M BowerDavid T F Dryden

Abstract

Restriction Modification (RM) systems prevent the invasion of foreign genetic material into bacterial cells by restriction and protect the host's genetic material by methylation. They are therefore important in maintaining the integrity of the host genome. RM systems are currently classified into four types (I to IV) on the basis of differences in composition, target recognition, cofactors and the manner in which they cleave DNA. Comparing the structures of the different types, similarities can be observed suggesting an evolutionary link between these different types. This work describes the 'deconstruction' of a large Type I RM enzyme into forms structurally similar to smaller Type II RM enzymes in an effort to elucidate the pathway taken by Nature to form these different RM enzymes. Based upon the ability to engineer new enzymes from the Type I 'scaffold', an evolutionary pathway and the evolutionary pressures required to move along the pathway from Type I RM systems to Type II RM systems are proposed. Experiments to test the evolutionary model are discussed.

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Citations

Apr 12, 2021·Biochemistry. Biokhimii︠a︡·Artem B IsaevKonstantin V Severinov
Jul 22, 2021·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Piyush Behari LalPatricia J Kiley
Jul 28, 2021·Annual Review of Microbiology·Brian P Anton, Richard J Roberts

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
PCR
electrophoresis
size exclusion chromatography
size exclusion purification
nucleotide modification

Software Mentioned

Phyre
Nuc
RMsearch
MS
Nuclease
REBASE

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