A Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Agona Infections Associated With Consumption of Fresh, Whole Papayas Imported From Mexico-United States, 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Adamma Mba-JonasKaren P Neil

Abstract

Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes ~1 million food-borne infections annually in the United States. We began investigating a multistate outbreak of Salmonella serotype Agona infections in April 2011. A case was defined as infection with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Agona occurring between 1 January and 25 August 2011. We developed hypotheses through iterative interviews. Product distribution analyses and traceback investigations were conducted. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tested papayas from Mexico for Salmonella. We identified 106 case patients from 25 states. Their median age was 21 years (range, 1-91). Thirty-nine of 61 case patients (64%) reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity; 11 of 65 (17%) travelled to Mexico before illness. Thirty-two of 56 case patients (57%) reported papaya consumption. Distribution analyses revealed that three firms, including Distributor A, distributed papaya to geographic areas that aligned with both the location and timing of illnesses. Traceback of papayas purchased by ill persons in four states identified Distributor A as the common supplier. FDA testing isolated the outbreak strain from a papaya sample collected at distributor A and from another sample collected at the US-Mexico border, ...Continue Reading

References

May 29, 1997·The New England Journal of Medicine·B L Herwaldt, M L Ackers
Jan 23, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·C A Van BenedenD Fleming
Feb 25, 1999·The New England Journal of Medicine·Y J HutinH S Margolis
Sep 9, 1999·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·J C Mohle-BoetaniD J Vugia
Apr 11, 2006·Foodborne Pathogens and Disease·P Gerner-SmidtUNKNOWN Pulsenet Taskforce
Jul 14, 2006·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Christopher R Braden
Jul 8, 2009·Foodborne Pathogens and Disease·Irene B HanningSteven C Ricke
Jan 5, 2011·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Elaine ScallanPatricia M Griffin
Feb 25, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Casey Barton BehraveshUNKNOWN Salmonella Saintpaul Outbreak Investigation Team
Mar 17, 2012·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Anagha LoharikarRyan Fagan
Nov 6, 2015·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Samuel J CroweL Hannah Gould

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 7, 2019·Microbiology Resource Announcements·Daniela MillerMaria Hoffmann
May 9, 2019·Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin·Alexandra DangelAndreas Sing
Dec 31, 2019·International Journal of Microbiology·J J Luna-GuevaraM L Luna-Guevara
Nov 26, 2019·Indian Journal of Microbiology·Vinicius Silva CastroCarlos Adam Conte-Junior
Sep 11, 2019·Epidemiology and Infection·R HassanUNKNOWN Outbreak Investigation Team
May 25, 2021·Gastroenterology Clinics of North America·James M FleckensteinAlaullah Sheikh
Apr 21, 2021·American Journal of Epidemiology·Alice E WhiteElaine Scallan Walter

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.