PMID: 9431444Feb 12, 1998Paper

A new formalin test allowing simultaneous evaluation of cardiovascular and nociceptive responses

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
J CulmanT Unger

Abstract

The formalin test for nociception, predominantly used with rodents, is characterized by continuous pain due to tissue injury induced by formalin. In addition to the pain generated by formalin itself, the classical formalin test for nociception comprises a number of additional strong stressful events such as restraint and injury caused by needle insertion. These events have hampered its use as a model of stress employing continuous pain as a stress stimulus. We describe here a new, simple method of a subcutaneous application of formalin in conscious rats without restraint and needle insertion. Formalin or physiological saline (controls) was injected subcutaneously through a chronically implanted catheter in the region of the lower leg. In most animals, the cardiovascular and behavioural responses to subcutaneously injected formalin were biphasic. The early phase was quantitatively characterized. Formalin (2.5%, 50 microL) induced a marked increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Maximal increases occurred during the first 3 min after formalin injection and were followed by a gradual decline of both cardiovascular parameters to levels higher than the preinjection baseline. Subcutaneous saline injection did not induce an...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1977·Pain·J D Loeser
Oct 1, 1992·Pain·A TjølsenK Hole
Nov 1, 1992·Pain·J Devulder
Jan 1, 1991·Annual Review of Neuroscience·H L FieldsP Mason
Sep 1, 1984·Pain·M AlrejaS K Manchanda

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Citations

Nov 17, 2011·Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas·C H SantuzziG R Abreu

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