A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and a possible evolutionary pathway for i-type lysozymes in bivalves from host defense to digestion.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Qing-Gang XueJerome F La Peyre

Abstract

Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it represents a transitional form between lysozymes used for digestion and immunity. The cv-lysozyme 3 protein inhibited the growth of bacteria (consistent with a defensive function), but semi-quantitative RT-PCR suggested the gene was expressed mainly in digestive glands. Purified cv-lysozyme 3 expressed maximum muramidase activity within a range of pH (7.0 and 8.0) and ionic strength (I = 0.005-0.01) unfavorable for either cv-lysozyme 1 or cv-lysozyme 2 activities. The topology of a phylogenetic analysis of cv-lysozyme 3 cDNA (full length 663 bp, encodin...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 15, 2012·Journal of Biosciences·Joris M Van Herreweghe, Chris W Michiels
Jun 27, 2014·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Na XuShicui Zhang
Sep 13, 2011·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Marian PonceManuel Manchado
May 25, 2015·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Bassem Allam, David Raftos
Mar 11, 2015·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Evelyne BachèreDelphine Destoumieux-Garzón
Feb 24, 2015·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Marco Gerdol, Paola Venier
Aug 20, 2014·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Yang LiuShuyi Zhang
Feb 23, 2019·Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology·Chen ChenXiaoying Zhang
May 5, 2020·Environmental Microbiology·Delphine Destoumieux-GarzónLuigi Vezzulli
Jan 13, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Bassem Allam
Oct 22, 2020·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Christopher J Coates, Kenneth Söderhäll
Jun 21, 2014·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Mohamed JemaàClaude Delsert

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AB427186
BAG41979
CV087997

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Protein assay
PCR

Software Mentioned

Phy
MrBayes
SigmaStat
PAML
ProtTest
ClustalW
BLAST
Genetyx Mac
ProtParam
ExPASY

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