A new perspective of membrane fouling control by ultraviolet synergic ferrous iron catalytic persulfate (UV/Fe(II)/PS) as pretreatment prior to ultrafiltration

The Science of the Total Environment
Xinqiang ChangShunzhong Yao

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to control membrane fouling by degrading natural organic matter, mainly based on free radicals, with a dead-end ultrafiltration system integrated with pretreatment. Four advanced oxidation processes, namely, ultraviolet (UV)/Fe(II), UV/persulfate (PS), Fe(II)/PS and UV/Fe(II)/PS, were used to pretreat raw water prior to ultrafiltration. The priority of the pretreatment effect followed the order of UV/Fe(II)/PS > Fe(II)/PS > UV/PS > UV/Fe(II). In the UV/Fe(II)/PS pretreatment (Fe(II) = 100 μM and PS = 400 μM), the removal rates of UV254 with a UV irradiation time of 60 min reached 93.07%. Degradation experiments of free-radical probes (carbamazepine) and free-radical scavenger addition (sodium hyposulfite or tert-butanol) showed that the sulfate radical (SO4-) was dominant in degrading organic compounds. The specific flow rate (J/J0) increased by 139.13% and the irreversible fouling resistance was reduced by 69.94%. The total interfacial energy of the colloid-membrane interaction decreased by 84.42% and the separation distance was shortened to ~2 nm. The release of Fe(III) from water under UV radiation and its possible conversion to Fe(II) were observed on the surface of the fouled membranes. A...Continue Reading

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