A New Visualization for Probabilistic Situations Containing Two Binary Events: The Frequency Net

Frontiers in Psychology
Karin BinderPatrick Wiesner

Abstract

In teaching statistics in secondary schools and at university, two visualizations are primarily used when situations with two dichotomous characteristics are represented: 2 × 2 tables and tree diagrams. Both visualizations can be depicted either with probabilities or with frequencies. Visualizations with frequencies have been shown to help students significantly more in Bayesian reasoning problems than probability visualizations do. Because tree diagrams or double-trees (which are largely unknown in school) are node-branch structures, these two visualizations (in contrast to the 2 × 2 table) can even simultaneously display probabilities on branches and frequencies inside the nodes. This is a teaching advantage as it allows the frequency concept to be used to better understand probabilities. However, 2 × 2 tables and (double-)trees have a decisive disadvantage: While joint probabilities [e.g., P(A∩B)] are represented in 2 × 2 tables but no conditional probabilities [e.g., P(A|B)], it is exactly the other way around with (double-)trees. Therefore, a visualization that is equally suitable for the representation of joint probabilities and conditional probabilities is desirable. In this article, we present a new visualization-the fr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Andreas EichlerMarkus Vogel
Feb 19, 2021·Advances in Health Sciences Education : Theory and Practice·Karin BinderLeah T Braun
Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Georg BruckmaierMartin Brunner

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