A nitrogen response pathway regulates virulence functions in Fusarium oxysporum via the protein kinase TOR and the bZIP protein MeaB.

The Plant Cell
Manuel Sánchez López-BergesAntonio DI Pietro

Abstract

During infection, fungal pathogens activate virulence mechanisms, such as host adhesion, penetration and invasive growth. In the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum, the mitogen-activated protein kinase Fmk1 is required for plant infection and controls processes such as cellophane penetration, vegetative hyphal fusion, or root adhesion. Here, we show that these virulence-related functions are repressed by the preferred nitrogen source ammonium and restored by treatment with l-methionine sulfoximine or rapamycin, two specific inhibitors of Gln synthetase and the protein kinase TOR, respectively. Deletion of the bZIP protein MeaB also resulted in nitrogen source-independent activation of virulence mechanisms. Activation of these functions did not require the global nitrogen regulator AreA, suggesting that MeaB-mediated repression of virulence functions does not act through inhibition of AreA. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) supplied with ammonium rather than nitrate showed a significant reduction in vascular wilt symptoms when infected with the wild type but not with the DeltameaB strain. Nitrogen source also affected invasive growth in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the wheat head blight pathogen Fusarium ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 8, 2011·Journal of Experimental Botany·Santosh Kumar GuptaTilak Raj Sharma
Mar 29, 2011·The Plant Cell·Elena Pérez-Nadales, Antonio Di Pietro
Aug 7, 2012·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Violeta Díaz-SánchezM Carmen Limón
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Aug 5, 2014·Annual Review of Phytopathology·David TurràAntonio Di Pietro
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Mar 12, 2015·The New Phytologist·Yingzi YunZhonghua Ma
Aug 31, 2016·Nature Microbiology·Sara MasachisAntonio Di Pietro
May 17, 2014·Molecular Plant Pathology·Qin GuZhonghua Ma
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Dec 9, 2010·Plant Signaling & Behavior·Manuel S López-BergesAntonio Di Pietro
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Nov 19, 2013·Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B·Manuel S López-BergesAntonio Di Pietro
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