Abstract
In January 2014, a viral hemagglutinating agent named UPO216 was isolated from fecal droppings of wild birds at the UPO wetland in South Korea during an avian influenza surveillance program. Electron microscopy identified the UPO216 virus as an avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Pathogenicity tests and molecular pathotyping revealed that the virus was avirulent in chickens. The UPO216 virus was assigned to a serological group antigenically distinct from known serotypes of APMV (-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -9) by hemagglutination inhibition test, despite showing weak cross-reactivity with APMV-1 and APMV-9. The UPO216 virus RNA genome is 15,180 nucleotides (nts) in length, encodes 3'-N-P(V/W)-M-F-HN-L-5' in that order, and shows unique genetic characteristics in terms of genomic composition and evolutionary divergence (0.43 or greater from known serotypes of APMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the UPO216 occupies a branch separate from APMV-1, -9, -12, and -13. Serologic surveillance of wild birds (n = 880; 15 species, five Orders) detected UPO216-reactive antibodies in 4% (20/494) of serum samples taken from five species of wild duck belonging to the Order Anseriformes. In particular, UPO216-specific antibodies showing no c...Continue Reading
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