PMID: 19918319Nov 18, 2009Paper

A novel biologic immunomodulator, HDFx, protects against lethal hemorrhage, endotoxins and traumatic injury: potential relevance to emerging diseases.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Burton M AlturaAnthony Carella

Abstract

For more than 125 years, it has been known that the RES, macrophages and the innate immune system play fundamental roles in host defense against pathogenic infections, trauma, hemorrhage, and combined injuries. Some years ago, we and others reported that the RES-macrophage system was intimately connected to resistance to these bodily stressors, among other injuries. We tested the hypothesis that induction of tolerance (either spontaneous, RES-stimulated, or drug-induced) might be associated with production of a yet-to-be-identified biologic host defense factor, which we have termed HDFx. The results presented, herein, demonstrate for the first time that: 1) the MW of this protein, HDFx, is approximately 35-40 KDa , larger than known defensin peptides and much smaller than the larger MW fibronectins and complement products; 2) we describe some of HDFx's physico-chemical characteristics; 3) approximately 80 % of HDFx's plasma biological activity is derived from macrophages; 4) about 15-20 % of its activity is derived from natural killer (NK) cells; 5) polymorphonuclear leukocytes are not a source of HDFx synthesis or release; 6) known stimulants of the RES-macrophage system (i.e., denatured human serum albumin, triolein, and chol...Continue Reading

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