PMID: 9546170Apr 18, 1998Paper

A novel sensitive bioassay for detection of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin and related depsipeptide ionophores

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
M A AnderssonMirja S Salkinoja-Salonen

Abstract

Of the toxins produced by Bacillus cereus, the emetic toxin is likely the most dangerous but, due to the lack of a suitable assay, the least well known. In this paper, a new, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid bioassay for detection of the emetic toxin of B. cereus is described. The assay is based on the loss of motility of boar spermatozoa upon 24 h of exposure to extracts of emetic B. cereus strains or contaminated food. The paralyzed spermatozoa exhibited swollen mitochondria, but no depletion of cellular ATP or damage to plasma membrane integrity was observed. Analysis of the purified toxin by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry showed that it was a dodecadepsipeptide with a mass fragmentation pattern similar to that described for cereulide. The 50% effective concentration of the purified toxin to boar spermatozoa was 0.5 ng of purified toxin ml of extended boar semen-1. This amount corresponds to 10(4) to 10(5) CFU of B. cereus cells. No toxicity was detected for 27 other B. cereus strains up to 10(8) CFU ml-1. The detection limit for food was 3 g of rice containing 10(6) to 10(7) CFU of emetic B. cereus per gram. Effects similar to those provoked by emetic B. cereus toxin were also induced in boar spermatozoa by valinomy...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 2, 2000·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·N CharniN Rugani
Jun 27, 2001·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·J PeltolaM S Salkinoja-Salonen
Oct 17, 2001·Journal of Food Protection·J MinnaardP F Pérez-
Mar 18, 2005·Journal of Food Protection·Jean L Schoeni, Amy C Lee Wong
Jul 8, 2005·Microbiology·Florence M HotonJacques Mahillon
Sep 21, 2006·Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene·I A TsakmakidisS C Kyriakis
May 2, 2008·Canadian Journal of Microbiology·Thomas A TompkinsValerie Fillion-Forté
Apr 22, 2008·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Lotte P Stenfors ArnesenPer Einar Granum
Dec 2, 2009·Cell Biology International·Rodrigo Almeida VaucherAdriano Brandelli
Feb 1, 2011·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Sandy LadeuzeJacques Mahillon
Oct 21, 2011·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·María NaranjoKatelijne Dierick
Mar 10, 2015·Journal of Food Science and Technology·Anita TewariRashmi Singh
Aug 3, 1999·European Journal of Biochemistry·R MikkolaM S Salkinoja-Salonen
Aug 29, 2002·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·A PaananenT Timonen
Sep 27, 2002·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Gert B JensenLars Andrup
Apr 27, 2002·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Max M HäggblomMirja S Salkinoja-Salonen
Nov 13, 2004·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Monika Ehling-SchulzSiegfried Scherer
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Dec 1, 2006·Journal of Food Protection·L M WijnandsF M van Leusden
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Mar 26, 2013·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Douwe HoornstraMirja S Salkinoja-Salonen
Sep 29, 2015·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Helene Thorsen RønningPer Einar Granum
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Apr 25, 2006·Journal of Food Protection·Andreja RajkovicJohan Debevere
Oct 11, 2005·FEMS Microbiology Letters·Hannah J JørgensenSemir Loncarevic

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