A pair of co-opted retroviral envelope syncytin genes is required for formation of the two-layered murine placental syncytiotrophoblast.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
A DupressoirThierry Heidmann

Abstract

In most mammalian species, a critical step of placenta development is the fusion of trophoblast cells into a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer fulfilling essential fetomaternal exchange functions. Key insights into this process came from the discovery of envelope genes of retroviral origin, the syncytins, independently acquired by the human (syncytin-1 and -2), mouse (syncytin-A and -B), and rabbit (syncytin-Ory1) genomes, with fusogenic properties and placenta-specific expression. We previously showed that mouse syncytin-A is essential for the formation of one of the two syncytiotrophoblast layers and for embryo survival. Here, we have generated syncytin-B KO mice and demonstrate that syncytin-B null placenta displays impaired formation of syncytiotrophoblast layer II (ST-II), with evidence of unfused apposed cells, and enlargement of maternal lacunae disrupting the placenta architecture. Unexpectedly, syncytin-B null embryos are viable, with only limited late-onset growth retardation and reduced neonate number. Microarray analyses identified up-regulation of the connexin 30 gene in mutant placentae, with the protein localized at the fetomaternal interface, suggesting gap junction-mediated compensatory mechanisms. Final...Continue Reading

Associated Datasets

Oct 19, 2011·Philippe DESSEN

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Feb 7, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Guillaume CornelisThierry Heidmann
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