A peripheral immune response to remembering trauma contributes to the maintenance of fear memory in mice.

Psychoneuroendocrinology
Matthew B YoungP J Marvar

Abstract

Alterations in peripheral immune markers are observed in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is characterized in part by impaired extinction of fear memory for a traumatic experience. We hypothesized that fear memory extinction is regulated by immune signaling stimulated when fear memory is retrieved. The relationship between fear memory and the peripheral immune response was tested using auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice. Memory for the association was quantified by the amount of conditioned freezing exhibited in response to the conditioned stimulus (CS), extinction and time-dependent changes in circulating inflammatory cytokines. Brief extinction training with 12 CS rapidly and acutely increased circulating levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), downstream IL-6 signaling, other IL-6 related pro-inflammatory cytokines. Transgenic manipulations or neutralizing antibodies that inhibit IL-6 activity did not affect conditioned freezing during the acquisition of fear conditioning or extinction but significantly reduced conditioned freezing 24 h after extinction training with 12 CS. Conversely, conditioned freezing after extinction training was unchanged by IL-6 inhibition when 40 CS were us...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 18, 2019·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Hiroaki Hori, Yoshiharu Kim
Feb 2, 2019·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Adriana LoriAlicia K Smith
Apr 21, 2021·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Ellen DoneyCaroline Menard
Jun 15, 2021·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy·Ansab Akhtar, Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Francisco J Carrera AriasTravis J A Craddock

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