A photodiode amplifier system for pulse-by-pulse intensity measurement of an x-ray free electron laser

The Review of Scientific Instruments
Togo KudoTakaki Hatsui

Abstract

We have developed a single-shot intensity-measurement system using a silicon positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) photodiode for x-ray pulses from an x-ray free electron laser. A wide dynamic range (10(3)-10(11) photons/pulse) and long distance signal transmission (>100 m) were required for this measurement system. For this purpose, we developed charge-sensitive and shaping amplifiers, which can process charge pulses with a wide dynamic range and variable durations (ns-μs) and charge levels (pC-μC). Output signals from the amplifiers were transmitted to a data acquisition system through a long cable in the form of a differential signal. The x-ray pulse intensities were calculated from the peak values of the signals by a waveform fitting procedure. This system can measure 10(3)-10(9) photons/pulse of ~10 keV x-rays by direct irradiation of a silicon PIN photodiode, and from 10(7)-10(11) photons/pulse by detecting the x-rays scattered by a diamond film using the silicon PIN photodiode. This system gives a relative accuracy of ~10(-3) with a proper gain setting of the amplifiers for each measurement. Using this system, we succeeded in detecting weak light at the developmental phase of the light source, as well as intense light during...Continue Reading

References

Jun 8, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·E E Lattman
Jan 9, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jianwei MiaoYoshinori Nishino
Apr 23, 2004·Journal of Synchrotron Radiation·M CornacchiaH Winick
Mar 5, 2009·Physical Review Letters·Yoshinori NishinoKazuhiro Maeshima
Feb 5, 2011·Nature·Henry N ChapmanJohn C H Spence
Mar 3, 2011·The Review of Scientific Instruments·Kensuke TonoTetsuya Ishikawa

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