A phylogenetic examination of the primary anthocyanin production pathway of the Plantae

Botanical Studies
James J CampanellaMaureen E Dempsey

Abstract

Anthocyanin pigments aid in reproduction and provide ultraviolet protection to land plants. We have examined the phylogenetic relationships among the five primary enzymes responsible for producing anthocyanin pigment in its three major forms. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), Flavonoid 3'glucosyltransferase (F3GT), flavonoid 3'hydroxylase (F3'H), and flavonoid 3'5' hydroxylase (F3'5'H) are responsible for the final steps in anthocyanin pigment production. We were interested in how conserved the anthocyanin pathway genes may be among land plants, and evolutionarily how far back into the plant lineage anthocyanin production may be traced. The DFR, ANS, F3GT, and F3'H genes date back 450 million years to the first land plants. Mosses, spike mosses, and ferns express these four products, although there is no evidence of sequence orthologues for these genes in algae. Additionally, F3'5'H is not evident in organisms that predated gymnosperms. Our findings support the hypothesis that "blue" anthocyanin pigments did not evolve until 300-350 mya along with the gymnosperms, although the "red" anthocyanin pigments may be as ancient as the mosses (~450 mya).

References

Aug 1, 1996·Computer Applications in the Biosciences : CABIOS·R D Page
Sep 1, 1997·Nucleic Acids Research·S F AltschulD J Lipman
Feb 24, 1999·Molecular Biology and Evolution·M D RausherP Tiffin
Mar 17, 1999·American Journal of Botany·R J Duff, D L Nickrent
Mar 13, 2001·Plant Physiology·E A Kellogg
Jul 24, 2002·Nucleic Acids Research·Kazutaka KatohTakashi Miyata
Jul 30, 2003·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Yingqing Lu, Mark D Rausher
Sep 1, 1958·The Biochemical Journal·J B HARBORNE
Jul 1, 2005·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Lingui XueXunling Wang
Jul 1, 1981·Plant Physiology·R P TrocineG N Wells
Jul 1, 1991·Plant Physiology·H A Stafford
May 4, 2006·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Erich Grotewold
Dec 1, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Michael J MooreDouglas E Soltis
Apr 14, 2010·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Heidi Halbwirth
Oct 1, 2004·American Journal of Botany·Kathleen M PryerRaymond Cranfill
Mar 1, 2012·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Alexei J DrummondAndrew Rambaut
Jan 1, 1978·Oecologia·Michael G Salomonson
Sep 1, 2003·Functional Plant Biology : FPB·Samuel O Neill, Kevin S Gould

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 11, 2015·American Journal of Botany·Rachel A CoburnStacey D Smith
Jul 23, 2015·American Journal of Botany·Stacey D Smith, Emma E Goldberg
Jun 7, 2019·The New Phytologist·Alfonso TimonedaSamuel Brockington
Mar 15, 2016·Frontiers in Plant Science·Inés Casimiro-SoriguerJusten B Whittall
Apr 22, 2017·DNA Research : an International Journal for Rapid Publication of Reports on Genes and Genomes·Yongbin Zhuang, Erin A Tripp
Aug 1, 2015·The New Phytologist·Julienne Ng, Stacey D Smith
May 15, 2015·The New Phytologist·Samuel F BrockingtonStephen A Smith
May 11, 2016·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Winnie W Ho, Stacey D Smith
Feb 23, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Julien CurabaMassimo Iorizzo
Jan 26, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Doekele G StavengaCasper J van der Kooi
Feb 9, 2021·Evolution Letters·Lucas C WheelerStacey D Smith
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Huiling YanXiyang Zhao
Apr 20, 2021·The Plant Cell·Andrea E BerardiCris Kuhlemeier
Jul 22, 2021·FEBS Open Bio·Alberto Dávila-LaraAxel Mithöfer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
glucosylation

Software Mentioned

CLUSTAL X
BLAST
PhyML
TREEVIEW

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.