A Plant-Based High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet in Overweight Individuals in a 16-Week Randomized Clinical Trial: The Role of Carbohydrates

Nutrients
Hana KahleovaNeal D Barnard

Abstract

The effects of carbohydrates on body weight and insulin sensitivity are controversial. In this 16-week randomized clinical trial, we tested the role of a low-fat, plant-based diet on body weight, body composition and insulin resistance. As a part of this trial, we investigated the role of changes in carbohydrate intake on body composition and insulin resistance. Participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a plant-based high-carbohydrate, low-fat (vegan) diet (n = 38) or to maintain their current diet (n = 37). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Insulin resistance was assessed with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. A repeated measure ANOVA model was used to test the between-group differences from baseline to 16 weeks. A linear regression model was used to test the relationship between carbohydrate intake, and body composition and insulin resistance. Weight decreased significantly in the vegan group (treatment effect -6.5 [95% CI -8.9 to -4.1] kg; Gxt, p < 0.001). Fat mass was reduced in the vegan group (treatment effect -4.3 [95% CI -5.4 to -3.2] kg; Gxt, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR was reduced significantly in the vegan group (treatment effect -1.0 [95% CI -1.2 to -0.8]; Gxt, p = ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 21, 2020·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Charles L Phillips, Bernadette E Grayson
May 31, 2019·Nutrients·Vishnupriya GourineniThomas Wolever
Sep 14, 2019·Translational Psychiatry·Evelyn MedawarA Veronica Witte
Feb 26, 2021·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Karen ReesSaverio Stranges
Mar 3, 2021·European Journal of Nutrition·Yasaman GhorbaniJohane P Allard
Apr 3, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Giovanna MuscogiuriAnnamaria Colao
Aug 28, 2021·Foods·Carolina SabençaGilberto Igrejas

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Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02939638

Software Mentioned

Nutrition Data System for Research

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