A possible second type of maternal-fetal immune interaction involved in both male and female homosexuality

Archives of Sexual Behavior
Ray Blanchard

Abstract

Recent research has found that the mothers of firstborn homosexual sons produce fewer subsequent offspring than do the mothers of firstborn heterosexual sons. It was hypothesized that a subset of mothers of firstborn homosexuals may be responsible for this finding. If there is a subset of mothers whose immune reactions cause their first male fetus to be homosexual and their subsequent fetuses to die, then their immune reactions should also cause their first male fetus to have a lower birth weight. This leads to the prediction that, within the population of firstborn homosexual men, those with no younger siblings should also tend to have lower birth weights. This prediction was tested using a previously published sample of 1,445 firstborn subjects: 929 heterosexual females, 47 homosexual females, 409 heterosexual males, and 60 homosexual males. The results showed that firstborn homosexuals with no younger siblings (i.e., only children) did have lower birth weights compared with all the other subjects, but the finding applied to firstborn lesbian women as well as firstborn gay men.

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Jul 8, 2010·Journal of Reproductive Immunology·Henriette Svarre NielsenFrans Claas
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Jun 10, 2011·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Paul L Vasey, Doug P VanderLaan
Jun 16, 2011·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Sebastian E E SchagenPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Dec 22, 2011·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Ray Blanchard

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Citations

Aug 24, 2016·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Malvina N SkorskaAnthony F Bogaert
Apr 6, 2017·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Ashlyn Swift-GallantDoug P VanderLaan
Jun 12, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ashlyn Swift-GallantDoug P VanderLaan
Oct 8, 2020·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Ray Blanchard, Richard A Lippa

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