A potential gliovascular mechanism for microglial activation: differential phenotypic switching of microglia by endothelium versus astrocytes.

Journal of Neuroinflammation
Changhong XingEng H Lo

Abstract

Activation of microglia can result in phenotypic and functional diversity. However, the pathways that trigger different states of microglial activation remain to be fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that after injury, astrocytes and endothelium may contribute to a gliovascular switch for microglial activation. Astrocytes or cerebral endothelial cells were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation, then conditioned media were transferred to microglia. The release of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, and IGF-1 was measured using ELISA. Surface markers of CD11b, CD45, CD86, and MHC class II were detected by flow cytometry. mRNA expression of iNOS, CD86, CD206, Arginase1, and transcription factors was measured using real-time PCR. Microglial function including migration and phagocytosis was assessed. Dendritogenesis was determined by counting the number of primary dendrites, secondary dendrites, and dendritic ends in the neurons exposed to either endothelial- or astrocyte-activated microglia. Exposure to conditioned media from oxygen-glucose-deprived cerebral endothelial cells or oxygen-glucose-deprived astrocytes activated microglia into different forms. The endothelium converted ramified microglia into amoeboid shapes; increased the releas...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 8, 2019·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Alexey M PetrovIrina A Pikuleva
Sep 5, 2019·Stem Cells Translational Medicine·Su Jing ChanEng H Lo
Oct 8, 2019·Brain and Behavior·Syuichi Tetsuka
Mar 25, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Luana da Silva ChagasClaudio A Serfaty
Jan 26, 2020·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Monika RabensteinMichael Schroeter
Jul 30, 2020·Molecular Neurobiology·Ajmal AhmadMohammad Moshahid Khan
Jul 10, 2020·Global Challenges·Alex H WredeNicole N Hashemi
Oct 23, 2020·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Donald C ShieldsNaren L Banik
May 30, 2020·Current Neuropharmacology·Ruiqing KangJohn H Zhang
Oct 13, 2021·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Shusheng WuLongfei Du

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
PCR
PCRs
flow cytometry

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