A Profusion of Molecular Scissors for Pectins: Classification, Expression, and Functions of Plant Polygalacturonases

Frontiers in Plant Science
Yang YangJiashu Cao

Abstract

In plants, the construction, differentiation, maturation, and degradation of the cell wall are essential for development. Pectins, which are major constituents of primary cell walls in eudicots, function in multiple developmental processes through their synthesis, modification, and degradation. Several pectin modifying enzymes regulate pectin degradation via different modes of action. Polygalacturonases (PGs), which function in the last step of pectin degradation, are a crucial class of pectin-modifying enzymes. Based on differences in their hydrolyzing activities, PGs can be divided into three main types: exo-PGs, endo-PGs, and rhamno-PGs. Their functions were initially investigated based on the expression patterns of PG genes and measurements of total PG activity in organs. In most plant species, PGs are encoded by a large, multigene family. However, due to the lack of genome sequencing data in early studies, the number of identified PG genes was initially limited. Little was initially known about the evolution and expression patterns of PG family members in different species. Furthermore, the functions of PGs in cell dynamics and developmental processes, as well as the regulatory pathways that govern these functions, are far...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 8, 2019·The Analyst·Felipe Raposo Passos MansoldoAlane Beatriz Vermelho
Apr 8, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Natalia FalagánLeon A Terry
Jul 16, 2020·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Pan WuGuimin Zhang
Aug 29, 2020·Journal of Experimental Botany·Candelas PaniaguaJosé A Mercado
May 8, 2021·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Yang YangJiashu Cao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
environmental stresses
protein folding

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