A proposed new clinical staging system for patients with mucosal leishmaniasis.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Hélio LessaEdgar M Carvalho

Abstract

Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) occurs mainly in areas where Leishmania braziliensis is transmitted. It affects predominantly the nasal mucosa and, in more severe forms, can lead to significant tissue destruction. There is no standard method for grading the severity of disease. We categorised 50 patients with ML according to a proposed new clinical staging system. Their age ranged from 10 to 86 y (mean ± SD: 36 ± 16 y) and 43 (86%) patients were male. The different degrees of evolution of mucosal disease, from the initial stage to the more severe long-term cases, enabled ML to be graded into five stages. Stage I is characterised by nodular lesions of the mucosa without ulceration. Stage II is represented by superficial mucosal ulcerations with concomitant fine granular lesions. Stage III is characterised by deep mucosal ulcerations with granular tissue formation. In stage IV there are irreversible lesions leading to perforation of the cartilaginous nasal septum with necrosis. In stage V the nasal pyramid is compromised with alterations of facial features as a consequence of severe tissue destruction. These stages may be useful in characterising the severity of the lesion and optimising therapeutic outcome.

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Citations

Jan 18, 2013·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Haroun ZanggerNicolas Fasel
Nov 12, 2013·BMC Infectious Diseases·Augusto M CarvalhoEdgar M Carvalho
Jan 7, 2014·Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi·Hanefi Cem GulCan Polat Eyigun
May 29, 2016·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology·Aline Fernanda CruzMaria Cássia Ferreira Aguiar
Aug 19, 2015·Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology·Marcos Massayuki ItoJuan Miguel Vilallobos-Salcedo
Jun 7, 2015·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Paulo R L MachadoEdgar M Carvalho
Jan 7, 2015·Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica·Azael Freites-MartinezJesús Borbujo
Jun 14, 2014·Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease·Ciro M GomesRaimunda N R Sampaio
Jun 21, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Breanna M ScorzaMary E Wilson
Jul 20, 2017·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Carolina CincuráEdgar M Carvalho
Jan 24, 2020·The Journal of Laryngology and Otology·Y YuH W Yuen
Aug 28, 2020·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Mariona PinartJohn A Tweed
Sep 19, 2019·Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud·Sandra Muvdi-Arenas, Clemencia Ovalle-Bracho
Feb 8, 2018·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Fernanda VentinPaulo Roberto Lima Machado
Aug 28, 2020·Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal·Lalee VargheseGeorge M Varghese
Dec 13, 2016·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Naomi AronsonAlan Magill
Apr 4, 2019·Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical·Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro SampaioCiro Martins Gomes
Feb 13, 2021·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Andréa MagalhãesAugusto M Carvalho
Apr 27, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Clara Mônica F de LimaLucas P Carvalho

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