A review of nitrates in drinking water: maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes

Environmental Health Perspectives
Deana M ManassaramDeborah M Moll

Abstract

In this review we present an update on maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and also discuss nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. The current standard applies only to public water systems. Drinking water source was related to nitrate exposure (i.e., private systems water was more likely than community system water to have nitrate levels above the maximum contaminant limit). Animal studies have found adverse reproductive effects resulting from higher doses of nitrate or nitrite. The epidemiologic evidence of a direct exposure-response relationship between drinking water nitrate level and adverse reproductive effect is still not clear. However, some reports have suggested an association between exposure to nitrates in drinking water and spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, and various birth defects. Uncertainties in epidemiologic studies include the lack of individual exposure assessment that would rule out confound...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·C J Johnson, B C Kross
Sep 1, 1989·Archives of Environmental Health·A AschengrauA Cohen
Mar 1, 1988·Archives of Environmental Health·T E ArbuckleB Lo
May 22, 1987·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·H H Comly
Jan 1, 1973·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·N GruenerH Shechter
Feb 1, 1971·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·D P Sinha, S D Sleight
Mar 1, 1968·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·S D Sleight, O A Atallah
Oct 27, 1982·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·E Hegesh, J Shiloah
Jul 1, 1993·Environmental Health Perspectives·S Tabacova, L Balabaeva
Jul 1, 1996·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·A Hanukoglu, P N Danon
Aug 1, 1996·Biochemical Society Transactions·R Walker
Apr 18, 1998·Archives of Environmental Health·S TabacovaR E Little
Nov 14, 1998·Archives of Environmental Health·S TabacovaL Balabaeva
Jun 24, 1999·Environmental Health Perspectives·A A Avery
Jul 21, 2000·Environmental Health Perspectives·L KnobelochH Anderson
Feb 24, 2001·American Journal of Epidemiology·L A CroenG M Shaw
Apr 27, 2001·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·J BukowskiJ Bryanton
Feb 9, 2002·Environmental Health Perspectives·Frank BovePerri Zeitz
May 25, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·Paul J SquillaceDana W Kolpin
Jul 19, 2002·Environmental Research·Marie I CedergrenBengt A J Källen
Aug 1, 1951·American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health·G WALTON
Apr 21, 2004·Epidemiology·Jean D BrenderKatherine A Hendricks

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 28, 2008·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Mandy WeselakDaniel Krewski
Jul 9, 2008·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·C MenardJ-C Leblanc
Dec 15, 2015·Journal of Interprofessional Care·Molly CourtenayRoberto La Ragione
Oct 14, 2008·Drug and Chemical Toxicology·Tomoaki HaradaMakoto Ema
Mar 16, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Joan A CaseyBrian S Schwartz
Aug 13, 2015·Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology·Kamalpreet Kaur GillRajdeep Kaur
Sep 23, 2006·Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source·Hans J M van GrinsvenTheo M de Kok
Nov 9, 2012·BMC Public Health·Lianfa LiJun Wu
Nov 16, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Moddassir AhmedNasir Ahmad Saeed
May 5, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Yang CaoWalter J Rogan
Oct 5, 2010·Environmental Health Perspectives·Rebecca Renner
Sep 18, 2007·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·C NikolaidisA Vantarakis
Apr 6, 2007·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Susan Searles NielsenCarrie M Kuehn
Sep 9, 2016·Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Waleed M SweilehNaser Y Shraim
Feb 5, 2009·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Pernille Reimer HansenUlla Hass
Jan 19, 2010·Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM·Kelly M TwomeyMichael E Webber
May 30, 2013·Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : JPHMP·Rachael M JonesLeslie T Stayner
Oct 31, 2013·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Nikita JoshiPatrick J Shea
Nov 29, 2014·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Oona M R CampbellOliver Cumming
Oct 7, 2019·Journal of Applied Microbiology·Ankita RajtaPriyanka Pathania
Jun 6, 2020·Journal of Computational Chemistry·Sushma Yadav, Amalendu Chandra
Jun 7, 2014·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Danielle M ZurcherAnne J McNeil
Feb 24, 2010·Journal of Environmental Quality·Brandon C IkerHazel A Barton
May 8, 2014·The Analyst·Junfen HanZhongping Zhang
Mar 28, 2017·Journal of Fluorescence·Meiyi CaiTing Wang
Oct 12, 2018·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Lijuan ZhangChao Lu
Apr 6, 2019·Journal of Environmental Quality·Tyler A GrohTimothy B Parkin
Jul 5, 2016·Pharmacotherapy·Benjamin LaliberteCarissa M Baker-Smith

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Birth Defects

Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.