A Review of Surgical Outcomes and Advances for Macular Holes

Journal of Ophthalmology
Peng-Peng ZhaoJin-Song Zhao

Abstract

The surgical outcomes of macular holes (MHs) have improved greatly in recent years. The closure rate is as high as 90-100%, but the outcomes of some special types of MHs remain unsatisfactory. Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling dramatically improves the anatomic success rate, but recent studies have found that it could also cause mechanical and subclinical traumatic changes to the retina. Dyes are widely used, and apart from indocyanine green (ICG), the toxicities of other dyes require further research. Face-down posturing is necessary for MHs larger than 400 μm, and the duration of this posture is determined by the type of tamponade and the case. The ellipsoid zone has been shown to be highly correlated with visual outcome and recovery. New surgical methods include the inverted ILM flap technique and the ILM abrasion technique. However, they require further research to determine their effectiveness.

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Citations

May 8, 2020·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·Philina YeeJustis P Ehlers
Aug 25, 2020·Acta Ophthalmologica·Matteo FallicoMichele Reibaldi
Apr 9, 2019·Journal of Ophthalmology·Fabrizio GiansantiStanislao Rizzo
Feb 11, 2019·Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde·Rino FrisinaEdoardo Midena
May 15, 2021·Retina·Saagar N PatelBozho Todorich

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